ERA5批量下载脚本

复制到本地项目中，替换dataset和request为自己需要的产品即可。

import cdsapi
import os
from datetime import datetime

# 自定义文件夹路径
custom_folder = r"C:\Users\73955\Desktop\ERA5_ZTD"

# 创建该文件夹（如果不存在）
if not os.path.exists(custom_folder):
    os.makedirs(custom_folder)

# 判断是否为闰年的函数
def is_leap_year(year):
    # 如果能被400整除，或者能被4整除但不能被100整除，则是闰年
    if (year % 400 == 0) or (year % 4 == 0 and year % 100 != 0):
        return True
    return False

# 用户定义的日期范围
start_year = 2020
start_month = 1
start_day = 1
end_month = 12
end_day = 31

# 每月的天数（考虑闰年）
def get_days_in_month(year, month):
    if month == 2:
        return 29 if is_leap_year(year) else 28
    elif month in [4, 6, 9, 11]:
        return 30
    else:
        return 31

# 遍历日期范围
current_year = start_year
current_month = start_month
current_day = start_day

while current_year < start_year or (current_year == start_year and current_month < end_month) or (current_year == start_year and current_month == end_month and current_day <= end_day):
    # 生成日期字符串，如 2024_01_01
    date_str = f"{current_year}_{str(current_month).zfill(2)}_{str(current_day).zfill(2)}"
    # 设置请求参数
    dataset = "reanalysis-era5-pressure-levels"
    request = {
        "product_type": ["reanalysis"],
        "variable": [
            "geopotential",
            "relative_humidity",
            "specific_humidity",
            "temperature"
        ],
        "year": [str(current_year)],
        "month": [str(current_month).zfill(2)],
        "day": [str(current_day).zfill(2)],
        "time": [
            "00:00", "01:00", "02:00",
            "03:00", "04:00", "05:00",
            "06:00", "07:00", "08:00",
            "09:00", "10:00", "11:00",
            "12:00", "13:00", "14:00",
            "15:00", "16:00", "17:00",
            "18:00", "19:00", "20:00",
            "21:00", "22:00", "23:00"
        ],
        "pressure_level": [
            "1", "2", "3",
            "5", "7", "10",
            "20", "30", "50",
            "70", "100", "125",
            "150", "175", "200",
            "225", "250", "300",
            "350", "400", "450",
            "500", "550", "600",
            "650", "700", "750",
            "775", "800", "825",
            "850", "875", "900",
            "925", "950", "975",
            "1000"
        ],
        "data_format": "netcdf",
        "download_format": "unarchived",
        "area": [54, 70, 3, 140]
    }

    # 初始化CDS客户端
    client = cdsapi.Client()

    # 设置文件名，按日期格式命名
    output_filename = f"ERA5_{date_str}.nc"
    output_path = os.path.join(custom_folder, output_filename)

    print(f"开始下载: {output_filename}")

    # 下载并保存
    client.retrieve(dataset, request, output_path)

    print(f"下载的文件已保存到: {output_path}")

    # 处理日期：增加一天
    current_day += 1
    if current_day > get_days_in_month(current_year, current_month):
        current_day = 1
        current_month += 1
        if current_month > 12:
            current_month = 1
            current_year += 1